Analysis

Lower Bounds onNontrivial Cycles

From a verified range and the continued-fraction expansion of \(\log_2 3\), a rigorous lower bound on cycle length.

1. The Cycle Inequality

\[0 < m\ln 2 - k\ln 3 \le k\ln\bigl(1+\tfrac{1}{3B}\bigr).\]

2. Computed Lower Bounds

Verified bound \(B\)Min. odd \(k\)Min. total length
\(2^{30}\)47 468\(\ge 122\,703\)
\(2^{36}\) (this work)190 537\(\ge 492\,531\)
\(2^{68}\)\(8.96\times 10^{9}\)\(\ge 2.3\times 10^{10}\)
\(2^{71}\)\(7.17\times 10^{10}\)\(\ge 1.85\times 10^{11}\)

Consequence for \(B=2^{36}\)

Any nontrivial cycle with elements \(>2^{36}\) must contain at least 190 537 odd terms (total length \(\ge 492\,531\)).

3. Limitations

The bound pushes counter-examples far away; it does not prove absence of cycles or of divergent trajectories.